Saturday, August 24, 2019
Film analysis on the film a league of their own Research Paper
Film analysis on the film a league of their own - Research Paper Example In their absence baseball had no future and its suspension was on the cards. In this delirious time Philip K. Wrigley who was the owner of Chicago Cubs thought of a solution to keep baseball alive in America. He proposed an idea which was the All American Girls Softball League which would be a booster for the men coming home from war service. This league ended up being transformed into a pro baseball league for girls in America. 2 This film revolves around two sisters from Oregon who play baseball passionately. Then Ernie Capadino is sent to recruit players from various cities of America. Capadino visits a softball game in rural Oregon and likes a catcher called Dottie (Genna Davis). The recruiter offers her a tryout, but she refuses as she is in favor of working in her family’s dairy farm. Kit who is an ambitious girl and little sister of Dottie is all up to try for the series. After a few debacles various recruited girls get to Chicago where Jimmy Duggan (Tom Hanks) is set to be their manager. This enthralling movie is a historical tale of two sisters that join the first women’s baseball league and struggle to help it succeed amidst their own growing rivalry. This movie provides a recap on various historical points. This film works brilliantly historically because it addresses quite a few things. The main historical points made in the movie are the setting of the movie, the ending of the men’s baseball league, the initiation of a women’s league, recruiting of women from various places and also the league’s popularity. The league began in 1943 during the ongoing World War II among the superpowers of the world. The absence of the men from the baseball circuit proved to be a threat to the game’s cessation in a country where the game was a favorite leisurely activity. The film also rightly describes the historical event of talented women being recruited from around the country.
Friday, August 23, 2019
Global marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words
Global marketing - Essay Example Foreign direct investment is simply direct investments across national boundaries†(Dicken, 2007, p.36). Earlier, countries were bit reluctant in welcoming foreign direct investment because of the concerns about the negative impacts upon domestic firms caused by the intrusion of foreign firms. However, world has realised that these concerns are nothing in front of the huge benefits and advantages brought by foreign direct investment. It should be noted that communist China is the number one exploiter of globalization and foreign direct investments at presents. In other words, China has no hesitation in allowing foreign companies to function in its soil now. In short, global marketing has gained lot of relevance and importance in the heavily globalized world at present. Even though globalization is believed to be the brain child of capitalist countries such as America and UK, it is fact that these countries failed to exploit the opportunities of it properly. For example, recent recession affected UK immensely. At the same time Asian countries such as India, China, Japan and Korea escaped from the negative effect if recession. This is because of the fact that these countries exploited globalization to their advantages. It should be noted that Indian automobile manufacturer TATA has recently acquired prestigious British automobile manufacturers such as Jaguar and Land Rover. Even then, many prominent British companies are currently working in overseas countries. For example, British telecommunication giant, Vodafone is one of the major telecommunications company in India now. In short British companies have lot of opportunities in overseas market. Established in 1995 in Dorset, England by Dutch millionaire Klaas Zwart, Ascari Cars is one of the major automobile manufacturers in Britain now. Even though Ascari is more interested in the making of sports cars, it is making luxurious passenger cars also. Even though many of the British cars manufacturers have al ready established business units in India, Ascari failed to do so until now. This paper analyses the opportunities of Ascari Cars in Indian market. Reason for choosing Ascari cars â€Å"Ascari cars†is one of the most rapidly growing British companies now. Even though it was established only in 1995, it has already succeeded in informing its presence in the market. â€Å"Ascari cars is a medium sized organization. Many people have the illusion that only prominent or huge organizations might be able to establish business units in overseas countries as part of their global marketing strategies. However, it is already proved that the size of the company is irrelevant as far as the success and failures of global marketing are concerned. â€Å"In 2006 the Ascari KZ1-R was built to compete in GT championships around the world with ultimately scooping the British GT Championship in 2009†(Ascari race resort, n.d.). Until recent times, car racing was not a popular sport in India. However, recent statistics shows that the interests of Indian people in formula one competitions or car racing is slowly increasing. In others words, Indians started to love sports cars in recent times. So, the opportunities for Ascari in Indian market are tremendous. Even though call for energy efficient or
Thursday, August 22, 2019
The Outlook for the US Printing Businesses in 2007 Essay Example for Free
The Outlook for the US Printing Businesses in 2007 Essay The printing industry encompasses a wide range of products for commercial and retail use. Printing is involved in the production of magazines, newspapers and books, as well as brochures, maps, postcards, business forms, stamps, manuals, packaging and so on and so forth. It also includes various related pre- as well as post-press occupations such as lay-outing, graphic designing, binding and finishing. There are different methods of printing using plates or an image carrier. Among the most common of these are: lithography invented in 1798, the modern process makes use of a photosensitive emulsion placed onto smooth surfaces, either using a platesetter for computer-to-plate (CTP) technology or on flexible aluminum or plastic printing plates; it’s most commonly used for credit cards, packaging, CDs, books and newspapers. flexography – most commonly used for packaging, it makes use of a 3-dimensional negative impression of the image to be printed produced on polymer or rubber and rotated on the surface to be printed. It was originally used for printing on corrugated boards. The flexibility of the material enables the print to be impressed on uneven surfaces. gravure – used mainly for food packaging, wallpaper, furniture laminates, paneling and magazines, gravure printing uses depressed, as opposed to raised, surfaces, where the image areas are etched into copper cylinders. It produces high quality print but the costs involved in the necessary equipment are prohibitive compared to other methods used in high volume runs. screen printing – can be used to print on almost any material, using a screen prepared with a stencil, a squeegee and ink. It is highly versatile and simple to use. The best known application for this method of printing is for T-shirt printing, letterpress printing – the method involves the use of movable type where the ink is smeared on raised surfaces and then placed on a suitable material such as paper or cloth for transferring impressions. The invention of reusable, individual letters for use in this type of printing in the 1400s is credited to Johann Gutenberg; offset printing – modern techniques make use of film negatives where the image is transferred onto photoelectric plates, similar to the printing of photographs. It is the most commonly used method for high-volume printing. Non-impact or plateless printing includes electrostatic, electronic, toner-based and inkjet printing. With the advent of computers, there has been a further diversification of the industry; namely, traditional or manual printing and quick or digital printing. (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2005) Together with the computer, the ready availability of the Internet has inspired fears that the printed word was in danger of being phased out as the most widely spread form of communication and information. The impact on the growth and profitability of the printing industry was of significant concern, as the rising financial and environmental costs of paper printing made the move into a paperless society seem inevitable. In the US, especially after the recession of 1990-91, the most pessimistic forecasts had been made regarding the future of the printing industry in an increasingly digital world. A 2004 study of the findings and forecast of the US Department of Labor on the employment and compensation of workers leads to the conclusion that fewer workers working fewer hours will be required overall in the printing industry against a projected increase in all other industries, due mainly to the increased use of automation and digital prepress technology. However, there is a concurrent requirement for workers with knowledge in digital prepress and post-printing technologies. There also seems to be a perceived increase in companies specializing in commercial flexographic and digital printing. More companies will be employing fewer than 10 non-supervisory workers at higher or equal hourly compensation as compared to other industries. There also seems to be a trend towards increased employment of workers with knowledge or education in operation of computer-related equipment. (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2005) There are varied opinions among businesspeople in the industry. Some maintain that the level of capital investment needed for quality, high-volume printing precludes all but a few to make a reasonable profit. (Paul, 1998) Others maintain that while a small profit margin may be discouraging, the printing industry is alive and booming, in part because of growing expenditure in advertising and promotions, as well as the proliferation of direct selling companies. (Dolbeck, 2005) Most agree that the advent of digital technology has helped lower costs and increase efficiency, thus improving profit margin. Some studies have shown that an increasing number of people are tuning into the Internet rather than newspapers or magazines. However, it is projected that it will be at least 10 years before those who get their news from the internet will outnumber those who read the newspaper. That is, if those who had earlier converted revert back to printed media. It is maintained that despite the many innovations in digital technology, it is not as portable as printed material, and the cost of attaining some portability is still beyond many consumers. Moreover, many companies maintain that the retention and pass-on potential of the printed brochure or pamphlet has a greater marketing impact than a website. For educational and scholarly products, the process of transferring the information from print to screen is a long and laborious process, and while audio books and CD-ROMs are enjoying growing popularity in many libraries, it is still a long way from replacing the books as a means of providing in-depth information and education. (Heger, 1994) According to C. Barnes and Co.’s report â€Å"2005 Market in Print,†a survey of printing companies revealed that the majority of companies surveyed with non-printing operations (NPO) were small companies. These NPOs included graphic design, fulfillment and mailing. The chief complaints from printing business owners include stiff competition, the cost of technology that have shorter depreciation, shortage of skilled workers and price increase of consumables. The transition from manual to partly digital technology has caught some companies flat-footed, jumping on the bandwagon too late or without enough knowledge and research to buy the right equipment at the right time. The segment of the industry that is particularly enjoying popularity is digital or quick printing. Small print shops that specialize in desktop value-added services abound because of the ease of acquiring the necessary equipment and consumables and the relatively low capital requirements. These services include calling cards, invitations, letterheads for small businesses, leaflets, flyers and marketing materials such as promotional mugs and magnets. Digital cameras and mobile phones with high resolution cameras have also resulted in a rising demand for digital photo printing. Also an interesting development in the industry is large format printing, in which digital images are transferred directly from a digital image to tarpaulin or paper, much like a large inkjet printer. This is especially handy for low-volume printing requirements such as a banner a garage sale or posters for a school recital. Digital print shops have a unique relationship with its customers. All preprinting requirements may be provided by the client directly, usually already in a digital file. The print shop ascertains that form and layout of the file is up to standards for proper printing and provides the medium for the actual process. Or the client may come in bare-handed and state the requirements. The print shop then provides the services required: scan, lay-out, proof, color correct, edit then print. Many a party or small social event, small business and school have taken advantage of this while-you-wait service in fulfilling their collateral needs at comparatively low cost considering the volume involved. Paper companies make the process even easier by producing products especially designed for toner-based or inkjet printers ranging from pre-formatted labels in different configurations to scented board paper for calling cards, all available in retail at neighborhood bookstores at reasonable prices. The trend for digital printing is towards faster, cheaper and higher quality of printed product. However, high volume requirements cannot be fulfilled by even the best equipped digital print shop simply because the cost escalates per piece produced, unlike traditional printing methods, where fixed costs such as plates and film enable the producer to run prints at lower cost when volume goes up. These same fixed costs, however, cannot provide the service at competitive prices if the volume is low. The relationship of the plated and digital print businesses is largely symbiotic. Plated printers are the main source of income of paper companies that also produce the specialty paper needed by digital printers, but only as sub-business. These paper companies deal in volume as well, and will not survive on the sales from digital shops alone. Digital printers at the neighborhood level provides potential clients an accessible point in which they can bring their initial printing requirements to be then referred to a plated printer after graphic design, scanning and/or lay outing for volume printing. There is very little actual overlap for the two sub-industries, providing services for different needs of the same customer. A new player in the field that promotes the marriage of digital and traditional printing processes is print-on-demand (POD) publishers. More of a publishing rather than printing method, it nonetheless uses digital imagery and letterpress printing to produce books and posters in small runs. (Wikipedia) Would-be authors are able to have their work published, albeit they pay for it themselves. The method is also often used for limited circulation publications, as a stopgap for materials with high demand that are in the process of being re-run and for books in print with only a trickle of demand which makes a full re-run impractical. What is the forecast for the printing industry in the US?            Overall, the prospects of the printing industry for 2007 are good. Perhaps it is not as rosy as some projections from 1999, when printers enjoyed a boom, but neither is it as black as it is being painted by some trend watchers. The average projections for the industry overall is 5. The need of those in the printing industry to reinvent itself in order to overcome aggressive competition, smaller markets, and increasing cost of materials, especially paper. The changes in the market are considered by 20% of a representative slice of print and prepress firms as a call to arms in the war of doing business in a changing world. (Youngblood Communications, 2005)            In the second quarter of 2006, Xerox Corporation spearheaded a free seminar series entitled â€Å"Innovate ’06.†It is a worldwide series with concurrent offerings within the United States that focused primarily on educating those in the printing business, or who are thinking of getting into it, on their options regarding industry trends, technological advances and how to boost profit and efficiency in the workflow of an increasingly digital industry. (Presswire, 2006)            While there is some pessimism among some of those in the industry regarding the viability of the printing business of turning over a reasonable profit, the prognosis of manufacturers of the equipment and consumables is positive. In a survey of U.S. companies reports show and increase of expenditure from 2004 of 23% on new plants and equipment. The spending spree is attributed to appreciable profit-earning in 2004, enabling companies to make improvements and begin projects that have been put off during the leaner years. (Min, etal, 2005)            TrendWatch Graphic Arts, in its report entitled â€Å"Printing Forecast 2005: The TrendWatch Graphic Arts Perspectives on the Challenges and Opportunities for Printing in the Next 12 Months and Beyond†, also reported that a survey of American and some Canadian commercial printers are hopeful about their companies’ futures. There was an increased sale of printing presses in 2004 and a projected 6% increase of sales of 6-color sheetfed offset presses over the following months. (Youngblood Communications, 2005)            Advertising expenditures has also increased, according to TNS Media Intelligence, a strategic advertising and marketing information provider. In the 1st Quarter of 2006, total advertising expenditure rose by 5.2 percent against the same period of the previous year. However, impact of this expenditure did not quite favor newspapers and business to business (B2B) magazines. Of those in the publishing industry, only consumer magazines posted an increase in income. (TNS Media Intelligence, 2006)            Such reports tend to focus on the large companies spending the big bucks in advertising. Growth in the industry is not as high as projected, mostly because of a not altogether unexpected shift to online media, with a worldwide growth of 40% expected, according to Carat. (Khan, 2006) But earnings from advertising and marketing expenditures by top companies are not the only opportunities for those in the printing industry today. There has been a healthy growth in the quick print industry that to print for the ordinary citizen with a family picture Christmas card to send to the folks back home. (Youngblood Communications, 2005)            The grudging admission by most existing, large printing companies is that business is good, if not great. This could be because they are reluctant to encourage other players to get into the business and cut into an ever decreasing wedge of the market. Environmental issues are also a big consideration in the woes of these big companies, requiring expenditures on cleaner, more efficient machines.            For those about to plunge into the pool, start small seems to be the way to go. The neighborhood print shop, the POD publisher, the offshoot value-added service provider does not require much capital expenditure. There is always someone wanting to print something, the important thing is to research the intended site of enterprise and provide whatever is needed.            The shift to digital has been widely accepted as a good thing, even by those who had watched its advent into the market askance. The growing dependence on the microchip driven hardware is felt across all industries, and most especially in the printing and publishing industry, spawning a greater demand for the technology. And software and hardware companies are quick to take full advantage of this trend. Almost every six months, the newest, fastest, cheapest, most efficient, most environment friendly, most accurate, most user-friendly and other â€Å"new, improved†models and programs are being touted. For those wishing to get into the business in a big way, big ticket items are the ones that need to be most researched. True, the Internet and online media are the new toys, and everybody wants to have a go at it. Gone are the days that for research, you go to the trusty 20-volume Merit Student’s Encyclopedia, and for the latest Hollywood gossip you go over to your neighbor’s house and borrow the supermarket tabloid. The Internet is easier to use when searching for a school project, music to download, movies to preview or things to buy However, very few people enjoy reading a suspense thriller or a romance novel from a glowing screen hunched over a computer, and it is highly unlikely that some type of digital media would become affordable enough to be left in mailboxes in lieu of flyers, leaflets, pamphlets and brochures. Sharing photos and sending virtual greeting cards are also a good thing, but there is no replacement for actual photographs you can frame or actual greeting cards you can frame. In essence, one media does not necessarily compete with the other. They each have their advantages and disadvantages, and given most circumstances, print and digital complement each other. Some publications have even found that a good Web-based counterpart was a good way to get circulation going as well as a source of income via advertisements. Furthermore, since Web content can be updated instantaneously, the publication can keep its readers up-to-date with the latest news and trends in between issues. For those in the printing industry, the computer has been much like the electric bulb. It is faster, easier to use and produce better results. The ones who could not keep up with the technology have turned in their shingles and closed up shop. The smart ones got with the program and grew even better. The well-researched, carefully-planned production structure with prerequisite training and upgrades in equipment and workflow has generated significant earnings for the enlightened business owner.  Rather than ranting at the changes and trying to outlast the new technology, many companies began spending on upgrades or outright replacements of obsolete equipment that was keeping the productivity of the company at pre-digital levels. This willingness of printing companies to invest in new technologies sends a crystal clear signal that the industry is healthy and responsive to changes. The outlook for 2007 for US printing industry is looking well. References Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, 2005 Printing Career Guide to Industries, 2006-07 Edition retrieved December 15, 2006 from at http://www.bls.gov/oco/cg/cgs050.htm Paul, P. 1998 Everything thats fit to print: printers struggle with changing technology and stiff competition New Mexicos printing industry Industry Overview New Mexico Business Journal retrieved Dec 15, 2006 from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m5092/is_7_22/ai_54370066 Heger, K. Oct, 1994, Print: a road kill on the information superhighway? impact of information superhighway on printing industry Communication World,  retrieved December 15, 2006 from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4422/is_n9_v11/ai_16358776 Dolbeck, A. 2005, Valuation of the Paper and Publishing IndustryWeekly Corporate Growth Report NVST retrieved December 15, 2006 from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3755/is_200502/ai_n12412452 Min, et al, June 2005, U.S. industry unlocks budget box Pulp Paper retrieved December 15, 2006 http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3636/is_200506/ai_n14687790 Youngblood Communications Co., Ltd., Jan 2005 Printing Forecast 2005 Print Action retrieved December 15, 2006 from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4088/is_200501/ai_n9485742 Patrick, M. Nov 2000, The Web Effect on magazine publishing industry Folio: The Magazine for Magazine Management,  retrieved December 15, 2006 from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3065/is_14_29/ai_67718962 Wikipedia, Flexography retrieved December 15, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexography Khan, M. December 12, 2006 Online drives Carat’s revised ad spend forecast DM News retrieved December 15th, 2006 from http://www.dmnews.com/cms/dm-news/research-studies/39350.html TNS Media Intelligence 2006 TNS Media Intelligence Reports U.S. Advertising Expenditures Advanced 5.2 Percent in First Quarter 2006 retrieved December 15, 2006 from http://www.tns-mi.com/news/05312006.htm M2 PressWIRE, 2006 Print Industry Experts to Help Companies Worldwide Profit and Grow retrieved December 15, 2006 from http://www.imaginginfo.com/article/article.jsp?id=1575siteSection=33
Wednesday, August 21, 2019
Children and the Effects of Television Essay Example for Free
Children and the Effects of Television Essay Television programs were created for children to learn everyday skills, but it can come to start affecting children today because they watch too much they start lacking in physical activity and some can become distant and violent. Studies have shown that children can become obese, violent and even dependent on television if watched too much television. Television can influence children in many different ways like becoming obese, become dependent on it too much; change school habits and even can become violent with watching different types of shows. It is time for parents to start standing up and take control over what and just how much their children watch television. It is said that children watch too much television even though some studies have proven that different types of children’s television shows tend to effect children in different ways also they learn new things faster. Shows like Blue’s Clues, Chuggington, Dinosaur Train, Mickey Mouse Club House, and Team Umizoomi are all filled with educational values that help children develop skills that they need. Blue’s Clues is a much liked show by children ages 2-4. According to Common Sense Media (2012), In fact, Blues Clues does a very fine job of treating its young viewers as the multifaceted individuals that they are.†This is very important to young children because it makes them feel as they are a part of something special when they watch shows like this. With these types of shows teach children how to have different types of important social skills, teamwork, science, alphabet, numbers, math problems and even have physical fitness in them which are some of the things that a child needs to know. With these types of show is just what children need to help them expand their brains. According to PEDÃÅ"K (2012) â€Å"Whichever program it may be, it has behavioral, mental and emotional effects.†(p.224).On the other hand more children are watching more television shows for an entertainment purpose which has no educational vales in them. Shows like Sponge Bob Square Pants, The Simpsons, Batman, and The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles which consist of having violence, rudeness, and poor role models for children are the ones that are shaping our children in this day of age. It is up to the parent to make sure that their children are getting the correct balance of fun, education, and physical activity to help them grow. Studies have shown that cartoons have the most major impacts on children because in the cartoons to children it is something done every day and ok to act out likes the character on television. According to Kids Health from Nemours (1995-2012),†Kids who view violent acts are more likely to show aggressive behavior†which has become an issue to many different children around the world today. Children are like little sponges soaking up everything they can because every little boy and girl wants to be like their favorite cartoon hero or character. How much time a child watches television is a major factor in children’s behavior and their physical health. Whenever parents allow their children to sit in front of the television and watch more than four hours a day then parents could be running a risk of their child to become more dependent on television to keep them entertained, and this can become very harmful to a child’s health, or to their mental state as well. It can be hard on a parent try to clean house, cook a meal, and even do school work with children becoming bored, and parents just do not have the time to spend with them and then so it seem to be a helpful tool to be able to help at the time for them to watch television. One of the things that you can do to make sure when the appropriate times and what is the appropriate show’s to watch according to Kids Health from Nemours (1995-2012),†Come up with a family TV schedule that you all agree upon each week. Then, post the schedule in a visible area (e.g., on the refrigerator) so that everyone knows which programs are OK to watch and when. And make sure to turn off the TV when the scheduled program is over instead of channel surfing.†Instead of giving your children television time when they experience boredom some suggestion to them is to go outside and make believe that they are the characters in their favorite learning television show. Another thing is get them some flash cards with math, spelling or any type of learning cards. If you distract children from television with something better then you will have a child that cares less about the television and more about playing with their learning games. Common assumption say that violent television shows can mold a child to be either violent when they get older or they develop a fear of being hurt. Children take what they see and apply it to what they do, kind of like the saying â€Å"Monkey see monkey do†type of thing. According to Willson (2008) â€Å"Wilson also shows that childrens susceptibility to media influence can vary according to their gender, their age, how realistic they perceive the media to be, and how much they identify with characters and people on the screen.††(p. 87) Children need positive role models in their life and someone to look up to in life and most children have their television characters. Parents can usually see the signs in a child just by the way they are when watching a certain television show, and the way that they act if they cannot see the television show is a sign that a parent needs to watch the television show to see what it is that is addicting about the show to their ch ild to make them act out. There are many different types of signs to help parents know if the show that your child is watching is appropriate for them or if it is not appropriate for them. Some of the signs that parents want to look for is if they have trouble in school, with drawn away from friends and family just to name a few, and if you see these problems then as a parent should step in and try to pull the child/children away from the television shows that they watch. Some say that it cannot be done but studies have shown that if there is more quality time spent between parents and their child/children then they will more than likely not have the desire to watch television. Over the past 2 weeks I have been conducting my own personal study on how to keep your children from watching too much television and kept some notes on the effects it had on them. They are more a fan of watching different television shows and not wanting to even play with their toys. So one day I went to the store and bout some board games, activity books, coloring books, learning flash cards and even some reading books. What it is that I have found is that if I just took an hour of my time to interact with them to help get them started and interested in one of the activity’s that I have bought and got them started on one of them with me that I could leave them and do my school work, house work and even cook dinner and not one-time did I hear the words â€Å"I want to watch television Aunt Becca!†So if parents just make the time to take time out of your time just to get them interested is a tremendous outcome in the end. Obesity is one of the most dangerous side effects that are found in children that watch more television than get out and do physical activities. When children watch television after eating or while eating breakfast, snacks, lunches, and dinner are found that they don’t want to get up, stop watching television and go outside and play with friends or siblings. Now they are doing nothing to help burn off the calories that they are consuming then they run a risk at becoming obese and develop other health issues later in life. According to How T.V. Effects Your Child (1995-2012), â€Å"Studies have shown that decreasing the amount of TV kids watched led to less weight gain and lower body mass index (BMI  a measurement derived from someones weight and height)†. One of the things that can help children avoid becoming hungry while watching television is by trying to minimize the commercials, because commercials are filled with yummy foods and snacks that they like to eat. One of the things to help with that would be when there is a commercial on pull them away to do some sort of activity like, clean their room, fold cloths, or just by even having them come in and explain what it is that is going on in their television show. Monitoring what children watch on television is one of the best things that you can do to keep our children from becoming obese, violent, dependent on television, and less disruptive in school. In conclusion there are many different pros and cons of television and the effects that it has on children can go both ways, but it is up to the parents to make sure that their children get the physical activity, mental education and correct role models that they need to make sure that they live a more healthier and active life style. Because our children are the future of America and parents want to make sure that their future is going to be a bright and active life. Reference: PEDÃÅ"K, Dr. Åž. B. (2012, January). A STUDY ON CHARACTERISTISCS OF PARENTS’ TV VIEWING AND CHILDREN’S OPINIONS ON THE CARTOONS THEY WATCHED. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(1), 224-233. How T.V. Effects your child. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.nemours.org/content/nemours/wwwv2/patientfamily/khlibrary/articles/21720.html Willson, B. J. (2008, Spring). Media and Children’s Aggression, Fear, and Altruism. , 18(1), 87-118.
Tuesday, August 20, 2019
Aerodynamic Development Of Land Speed Record Car Engineering Essay
Aerodynamic Development Of Land Speed Record Car Engineering Essay This project is focused on the baseline aerodynamic analyses and optimisation of a Land Speed Record vehicle in terms of performance of drag and aerodynamic stability, and thereby, speed the vehicle can attain. The vehicle `Stay Gold shown below belongs to the David Tremayne, a Formula One journalist. It is his plan to break the current British Land Speed Record by achieving a speed of about 350 m/s. A photograph of the vehicle in its current form can be seen below. C:UsersCecilDesktopDSC07489.JPG Figure 1, (20)- Photograph of the Land Speed Record vehicle in its current form. In aerodynamic analyses, the prohibitive costs of conventional wind testing along with the advent of computing power, characterised by its decreasing cost has brought the applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to the fore front of research and industrial applications, (2). The complications of actual wind tunnel testing ranging from differences in boundary conditions to the scale and mounting of the object is covered well in existing literature, (1). CFD is a method for analysing complex fluid flow problems using numerical methods to solve the Navier-Stokes governing equations. This report begins with the study of high speed vehicle aerodynamics to understand the important physical phenomena taking place, i.e. Air flows linked with different parts of the vehicle. CFD has been established as a proven tool used to perform baseline simulations with different turbulence models, boundary conditions and grids. Consequently, the influence of compressibility by running cases with progressively faster operating speeds up to Mach 0.5 and the effects of varying the geometry of nose and body of the vehicle using low-drag fairings are studied. Literature Review: High Speed Vehicle Aerodynamics: Aerodynamics is the study of various forces when a body is in motion. As we know, any vehicle moving through a fluid experiences forces induced by the fluid on it. When a vehicle moves forward it displaces the static air in front of it and hence disrupts the air flow around the body. These induced fluid forces can be characterised into three main forces which can be represented on a Cartesian coordinate system as shown in the figure below, (19). Figure 2, (19)- Forces acting on a vehicle represented on Cartesian coordinate system The vertical force along the Z axis is called lift. In this context, the vertical force is usually pushing the car towards the ground. Lift force then would be negative. Instead, the term downforce will be used, which is the positive vertical force towards the ground. The horizontal force moving in the opposite direction as the vehicle along the X axis is called drag force. Drag force is created by the vehicles resistance to motion moving through the air. . Drag will always be negative with this axis system, although in the results it will be displayed as positive, (19). The horizontal lateral force along the Y axis is called side force which occurs due to strong cross winds or by vehicles being in proximity to each other. The magnitude of these forces depends on various factors like the geometry speed of the vehicle, mass of the fluid, viscosity compressibility. These three forces are the basic aerodynamic forces that act on a moving solid body. We concentrate on the reducing the drag force alone to achieve higher speeds. Aerodynamic Flows: There are various kinds of aerodynamic flows considered important in a vehicle ranging from flows associated with the external shape of the vehicle to the flows existing in the lubrication and cooling systems of the vehicle which are called external and internal flows respectively, (3). C:UsersCecilDesktopUntitled.jpg Figure 3, (4) Attached flows and separated flows over a body. The streamlines are the curves associated with a pictorial description of a fluid motion, in this case air particles move along the streamlines, (4). Using this definition we can differentiate the flows. When the streamlines near the solid surface follow the shape of the body, the flow is considered to be attached and if the flow does not follow the shape of the body, the flow is considered to be separated, (4). As seen from the figure above, separated flows leave behind trailing vortices which result in an unsteady wake flow which can be seen in the figure below. C:UsersCecilDesktop1-s2_0-S0167610501001611-gr11.gif Figure 4, (5) Trailing vortices in the wake of a conventional fastback car It is also important for Race Car engineers to know whether the flow is laminar or turbulent since features such as flow separation and vehicle drag can change dramatically within these two flows, (4). When a body travels in an undisturbed environment, the flow can be considered laminar. Conditions such as winds or the motion of other vehicles directly affects the flow causing turbulence. Turbulence is a chaotic and random state of motion develops in which the velocity and pressure change continuously with time, [22]. Characteristic of Aerodynamic flows: External Automotive flows can be characterised as those involving excessive flow separation, transitional flows, strong cross flows and streamline curvature with a turbulent wake interacting with the ground boundary layers, (5). The prevailing areas where the separation of air flow takes place are the front and rear windshields. This separation of air flow leads to change in pressure over the surface of the vehicle which constitutes the aerodynamic drag of the vehicle. Pockets of high and low velocities are created around the vehicle because of this separation. The variation of pressure over a vehicle is shown in the figure below and is measured by a coefficient of pressure, denoted by Cp. According to Bernoullis equation, the low pressure region denotes high velocity and high pressure region denotes low velocity. Cp is given by the ratio of the difference in pressure on any point of the vehicle to the dynamic pressure. C:UsersCecilDesktop109741_3mg.jpg Figure 5, (4) Variation of pressure over a vehicle Boundary Layer: The layer between the vehicle and the moving air where the fluid flow is stagnant or less is called the boundary layer and is a significant aspect at high speeds. When the body is in motion, a relative velocity is created between the vehicle and the air around it due to the fluid viscosity. Boundary layers may be either laminar or turbulent depending on the value of the Reynolds number. For lower Reynolds numbers, the boundary layer is laminar and the velocity changes uniformly as one moves away from the wall and for higher Reynolds numbers, the boundary layer is turbulent and the velocity is characterized by unsteady (changing with time) swirling flows inside the boundary layer, (7). In real environment it is inevitable that the boundary layer detaches from the solid body which results in a large increase in the drag on the body. So at high speeds, it is important to maintain an attached and laminar boundary layer with a streamlined shape (4). C:UsersCecilDesktopboundlay.gif Figure 6, (7) Boundary layer on a surface of a vehicle Compressibility effects: Compressibility is the measure of change in volume of the air relative to the speed. We are dealing with subsonic speeds (less than Mach 1) where the air acts as if its an incompressible fluid meaning the density will remain constant though the velocity and pressure are variable, (6). By Bernoullis principle when air enters a body or part of the vehicle, air must travel faster to get to the other side as the bypass air varying the pressure and velocity. The velocity and pressure return to their original form at the outlet. Importance of the speed of sound: Sound is the pressure disturbances radiating in all directions from the vehicle. In subsonic flight sound waves radiate from all points on the vehicle and can travel faster than the vehicle itself as shown on the figure on the left. C:UsersCecilDesktopasw.png Figure 6, (6) Propagation of sound waves in subsonic and supersonic speedsC:UsersCecilDesktopas.png As the vehicle travels at higher speeds, these sound waves pile up at the nose of the aerofoil and create shock waves as shown in the figure on the right. These shock waves are created due to change in pressure velocity of air flow and these waves cannot get ahead the originating point at the speed of sound. There are different kinds of shock waves which are discussed below. Oblique Shock waves are formed on sharp edges of the body with the air surface changing in the direction of air flow, basically on leading and trailing edges of the airfoil, (6). Normal shock waves are formed in front of a blunt body or on the body itself. The molecules pile up at the front and form a detached wave called the `bow wave, (6). Expansion shock waves are formed in the regions of separation on the body or airfoil. Shock waves are very important in high speed aerodynamics as it affects the change in direction of the fluid flow and are relatively negligible in subsonic flows. Relevance of Aerodynamic Drag: In aerodynamics, drag is defined as the force that opposes forward motion of the vehicle through the atmosphere and is parallel in the direction of free stream velocity of the air flow which can be overcome by thrust in order to achieve forward motion, (8). Generally in racing it is important to have to downforce to keep the vehicle stable on the ground. When going at speeds over 100 mph, the real drag is experienced. The aerodynamic drag is denoted by Cd and is given by the formula, Cd= Drag force/ (Dynamic pressure*Area) A body moving through a fluid experiences drag which can be divided into two components, frictional or viscous drag and pressure drag, (11). Frictional Drag is developed due to friction of fluid and the surface it is flowing on, commonly associated with development of boundary layers, (11). Pressure drag is formed from the eddying (turbulent) motions set up by the fluid as it passes over the body which is associated with the formation of wake behind the vehicle. Hence the geometry of nose and body shape plays an important role in reducing drag on vehicle, (12). The figure below shows the driving force required to propel the vehicle forward at a constant speed as a function of the aerodynamic drag. We can see that the aerodynamic drag increases proportional to the square of speed. C:UsersCecilDesktopUntitled.png Figure 7, (11) Driving Speed Vs Vehicle Speed It is also established that the drag prediction over the front of the vehicle, especially involving attached boundary layers and, subsonic flow is far easier and more accurate than the analysis of the rear of the vehicle, (11). Review of existing research, (13): Extensive research has been made in this area with detailed experimentation on the widely known Ahmed model, (12). The Ahmed model is a simple geometric body that retains the main flow features, especially the vortex wake flow where most of the drag is concentrated. This model is used as a reference model to compare our results with. An illustration of this model is shown in the figure below. C:UsersCecilDesktopUntitled.png Figure 8 Left: Geometric dimensions of an Ahmed model, Right: Computational domain The Ahmed reference model is a general car type bluff body shape which is enough for accurate for flow simulations. boundary conditions used for this problem are uniform flow at the inlet no slip on the surface of the body and a non-structural tetrahedral grid approach is applied to this geometry at Re= 4.25106, (13) . This flow was solved using incompressible Navier-Stokes formulations and the drag and pressure were measured. From the figure below, it is observed that the total pressure drag is minimal at the front portion and is high the rear slanted portion of the body. Subsonic interactions are fairly weak as the length of the body is long. C:UsersCecilDesktopUntitled.pngC:UsersCecilDesktopUntitled.png Figure 9A,(13) Contour fill field pressure Figure 9B, (13) Contour fill field velocity And as for the pressure measurements, the presence of vortices at side edges of the slant surface appears to be two dimensional with parallel isobars running over the surface C:UsersCecilDesktopUntitled.pngC:UsersCecilDesktop2.png Figure 10A Flow behind the rear side of the body, Figure 10B Streamlines in the wake Turbulent flows are completely three dimensional and unsteady. Using a time average flow, some sort of macrostructure appears to govern the pressure drag on rear end. Figure 10A shows the different wakes created due to different shapes and edges and Figure 10B shows the streamlines in wake structure. Land Speed Record (LSR) Racing: Ever since the inception of automobiles, there has always been an inherent drive to push the automobile to its limits in terms of performance and speed. Land Speed Record is highest speed achieved by an automobile on land. There are different classes and organisations with respect to the configurations of the vehicle, operating speeds and environment. The current vehicle belongs to the unlimited class, which is a special class for thrust powered vehicles which may be propelled using turbo jet engines and without any limitations over wheeled power, (14). Existing research: The closest vehicle comparable to Stay Gold LSR is the JCB dieselmax (shown below) which holds the land speed record for a diesel-powered vehicle having been driven to over 350mph breaking the world record at the Bonneville Salt Flats. The aerodynamics of the car was designed entirely using ANSYS Fluent by aerodynamicist Ron Ayers whose goal was to achieve an optimal balance between aerodynamic drag, skin force and downforce, (15). It has been observed that the Cd of the vehicle was 0.17. After running a number of simulations, it is shown that higher downforce generated by the wings increases the drag on the vehicle drastically, (16). C:UsersCecilPicturesjcb_dieselmax.jpg Figure 11, (17) Picture of a JCB dieselmax streamliner Another example is the Buckeye Bullet 3 (BB 3), which operates on a battery. This vehicle was developed using an alternate aerodynamic method. In order to test the body shape and geometry a new wind tunnel model was constructed though it is time consuming and costly. The vehicles frontal area was significantly reduced allowing the driver to be placed at an inclined position keep safety in mind, (18) though the driver in middle (DIM) configuration used in BB1 BB 2 has better performance compared to the former. BB 3 also achieves more stability because it maintains negative pitch over higher speeds ensuring the normal loads on the tyres are not reducing, improving traction and yaw stability, (18). BB 3 had a 17 % reduce in the Cd compared to its predecessors. C:UsersCecilPicturesBuckeye-Bullet-3-thumb-450255.jpg Figure 12, (18) Photograph of a Buckeye Bullet 3 at the Bonneville Salt Flats Computational Fluid Dynamics: Introduction: Computational fluid dynamics or CFD is the analysis of systems involving fluid flow, heat transfer and associated chemical reactions by means of computer based simulation, [21]. CFD is used in wide range of industries. CFd contains a set of codes structured around the Navier-Stokes Equations (NSE) that are used to solve fluid flow problems. NSE are the governing equations of Fluid dynamics which are shown below. C:UsersCecilPicturesnseqs.gif Figure 16, [22] Navier-Stokes equations of three dimensional fluid flows The NSE consists of time-dependant continuity equation for conservation of mass, time dependant conservation of momentum equations and conservation of energy equations, [22]. The integral forms of these equations are solved using Finite Volume Method (FVM) which is the discretisation method ANSYS Fluent uses. Discretisation is a method of converting higher order integral equations into a system of algebraic equations. These set of algebraic equations are later solved by an iterative method, [23]. As mentioned earlier, at higher Reynolds numbers flows are observed to become turbulent. We used turbulence models in CFD to approximately model the turbulence in real time environment and results obtained are deemed near accurate. All codes in CFD contain 3 main elements: 1.) A pre-processor, 2.) A solver, 3.) A post processor, [22]. Pre-processing: The activities involved in this stage are Definition of geometry in the computational domain Grid generation discretising the domain into smaller cells ( grid or mesh) Define fluid properties and specify the appropriate boundary conditions Solving: There are different techniques to solve numerical equations. CFD uses finite volume method which is the most established method in different softwares. The steps involved in this stage are Integration of NSE over control volumes of the domain Discretisation of resulting integral equations into a set of algebraic equations Solution of the algebraic equations using an iterative method Post-processing: A large amount of work has been put into CFD packages to visualize the data with outstanding graphics due to the increasing demand in the engineering field. Some of the most popular data visualisation tools are Domain geometry and grid display 2D and 3D surface and vector plots Streamlined and shaded contour plot At present, almost all Formula 1 teams use CFD to constantly optimise the aerodynamics of their cars for better performances in a race. The bottleneck of CFD was quick and efficient construction of a functional grid which has become more user friendly in modern times which makes it easy for meshing, [22]. Conclusions: Aerodynamics CFD play a key role in the optimisation of a Land Speed Record vehicle. The geometry, powerplant, wheel configurations and vehicle dynamics are important parameters in achieving reduced drag. Open wheel configurations cause more overall drag on the vehicle. Also the tyres effective radius changes with speed and is necessary to test the relationship between the vehicle speed and tyres geometric configuration due to constant downforce exerted on the vehicle by the wings. This was the case revealed in the JCB streamliner. Project Plan: Study Vehicle Aerodynamics Understand the various aerodynamic flows involved in a vehicle. Get a good grip on High Speed Aerodynamics. Read about Importance of the speed of sound in achieving high speeds and influence of compressibility. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Reading on the background of CFD and understand how Navier-Stokes equations are derived, Numerical discretisation of equations using Taylor series. Understand turbulence modelling, grid sensitivity and boundary conditions relevant to the problem. CFD Tutorials Tutorial 1 Create basic geometry for backward facing step (2D). Tutorial 2 Create basic geometry for lid driven cavity (2D). Tutorial 3 Create 3D model of cylindrical body with a rectangular grid and run simulations. Gantt chart: C:UsersCecilDownloadsAerodynamic Development of LSR (1).png Progress to date: With the help of Dr. Carl Gilkesons CFD tutorials, creating meshes of basic geometrical shapes and running simulation on them was possible. The first tutorial involves creating the geometry in Design Modeller for lid driven cavity. The mesh was created in ANSYS Mesh and running simulations with specified boundary conditions, velocity pressure was done in ANSYS Fluent. In the figure below, the mesh for the lid driven cavity is shown. C:UsersCecilDesktopCavity- Vel Contours.png Figure 13A Mesh for lid driven cavity Figure 13B Velocity contours on the top wall of the cavity C:UsersCecilDesktopCavity.png The mesh was solved for 1000 iterations and were run on the top wall with a transitional velocity of 1.4607e-03 (Re=100), ensuring the flow is laminar. The velocity contours are filled and can be seen in figure 13B.The second tutorial involves creating a backward facing step. This model is solved (1000 iterations) for turbulent conditions so a turbulence model (k-epsilon) was created and specified with an inlet velocity of 40m/s. Also this model is discretised to second order upwind for momentum, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation rate. The results are shown below. C:UsersCecilDesktopUntitled.png Figure 14A- Mesh for Back Facing Step Figure 14B- Velocity contours on the backstepC:UsersCecilDesktopMesh Backw step.png It is noted that the horizontal component of the velocity is negative behind the step as the flow reattaches after detaching due to high Reynolds number, [20]. 3D model of a cylinder: I:Ansys projectscylinder.jpg Figure 15A 15B(below) Mesh for 3D cylinder in a rectangular grid In the figure above, a cylindrical mesh in a rectangular grid was created in ANYSYS Mesh. A rectangular grid is created in the domain to solve finite volume system of equations and to get more accurate solutions. The model was solved for constant pressure at the inlet to get reversed flow on all faces using hybrid initialisation as seen below. I:Ansys projects12.jpg References [1] P.R. Spalart, Strategies for turbulence modelling and simulations, Boeing Commercial Planes(Feb 1999). [2] W.H.Hucho, Aerodynamics of Road vehicle 4th edition. [3] `New Directions in Race car aerodynamics, Joseph Katz. [4] Joseph Katz, `Race Car Aerodynamics, 2nd edition. [5] ] Ahmed, S. R. , Gawthorpe, R. G. and Mackrodt, P. -A.(1985) Aerodynamics of Road- and Rail Vehicles, Vehicle System Dynamics, 14: 4, 319-392 [6] `High Speed Aerodynamics, Seminar, Harry L Whitehead. [7] http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/classes/311/notes/fluids2/node11.htm [8] http://www.pilotfriend.com/training/flight_training/aero/drag.htm [9] http://www.princeton.edu/~asmits/Bicycle_web/blunt.html [10] Miles Jackson , B. Taylor Newill and Perry Carter ,Racecar Aerodynamic Optimization for an E-1 Class Streamliner Using Arbitrary Shape Deformation , SAE Technical paper 2007-01-3858. [11] Hiroyuki Ozawa, Dai Higashida,`Development of Aerodynamics of a Solar Race Car, Honda RD, 1998 SAE. [12] SiniÃ…Â ¡a Krajnovic, Lars Davidson, Flow Around a Simplified Car Part 1: Large Eddy Simulation, [13] `CFD Modelling of Flow around the Ahmed vehicle model, Gerardo Frank and Jorge DElia, Centro Internacional de Metodos Compucionales en Ingeneria. [14] http://www.landspeed.com/archive/classroom/classlsrbasics.html. [15]http://www.newmaterials.com/News_Detail_Aerodynamics_of_jcb_dieselmax_car_designed_entirely_with_cfd_code_fluent_9408.asp#axzz2H86gSGFW [16] `Aerodynamic Development of Buckeye Bullet Electric LSR, Carrington Bork, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio State University. [17] http://www.carsbase.com/photo/photo_full.php?id=45469 [18] www.buckeyebullet.com/BB3.html [19] `Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, Thomas D. Gillespie, Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. [20] CFD tutorials, Dr. Carl Gilkeson, University of Leeds. [21] http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/nseqs.html [22] `An Introduction to CFD, H K Versteeg and Malasekara, 2nd edition.
Human Cloning Essay -- Science Biology Genetics Genes Essays
Human Cloning Ever since the cloning of the first mammal, the sheep Dolly, in 1996 by Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute, people have been begun to consider how they feel about human cloning. Is it possible? Should we do it? The overwhelming answer seems to be "yes" to the first question, and "no" to the second. "Yes," because cloning a human is not much different from cloning a sheep. The cloning procedure is actually so surprisingly non-technical that laboratories could easily begin conducting their own research on human embryos today. In fact, one physicist who researched fertility sciences in the 1980's, Dr. Richard Seed, says he can already do it, and is setting up a clinic. His clinic probably won't succeed, however, because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration would have to approve such a clinic before it could operate, and they probably won't (World Book 13). If he did set up a clinic, the result would most likely turn out the same as a similar event in 1993, when researchers used well-known techniques to begin artificially twinning humans. They immediately became "embroiled in a firestorm of public scrutiny," and they were "criticized by other researchers in the field for jumping ahead without scrutinizing the ethical ramifications" (Bohlin 4). Clearly, although we have this technology right at our fingertips, the general community doesn't feel right about using it. In a CNN poll taken of 1,005 American adults in 1997, 89% feel that cloning humans is morally unacceptable, 69% are afraid of the possibility of cloning humans, and 74% believe that human cloning is against God's will (Robinson 8). More recently, the Vatican condemned human cloning as being "perverse" (Been 1). The scientists who cloned Doll... ...es, but only if we take the dangers seriously. Works Cited Bailey, Ronald. The Twin Paradox. Reason Online. May 1997. Beddington, Rosa. Cloning. 1997. Been, Jennie. Can we and should we clone humans? Bohlin, Dr. Ray. Can Humans Be Cloned Like Sheep? 1997. Deltapoint, Inc. Human Cloning and Re-Engineering. 1996 Green, Ronald M. I, Clone. Scientific American. September 1999. Hawley, Aaron. Cloning. March 2, 1998. Kilner, Dr. John F. Cloning Around. Life Advocate. July/August 1997. National Bioethics Advisory Commission. Executive Summary - Cloning Human Beings. June 1997. Ramey, Cathy. Cloning: A Theological View. Life Advocate. July/August 1997. Robinson, Bruce A. Ethical Aspects of Human Cloning. January 15, 2000. Slouching Towards Creation. Time. World Book v 1.4 Cloning: Are Humans Next? 1999.
Monday, August 19, 2019
Malevolance Of God :: essays research papers
For as long as I can remember, God is said to be a benevolent deity who oversees all the happenings of the world and mercifully forgives all of mankind for their sins. Most Christians, if asked, will say that â€Å"God is good†and more so, he is forgiving. The Puritan notions of hellfire and brimstone, and that God is vengeful have been replaced by sincere benevolence. This new age Christian idealism has its helpfulness in today’s â€Å"misguided†society, but ultimately, as presented thus far in the Bible, is wrong. God’s image in the first five books of the Bible paints a picture of domination and malevolence.      As early on as the book of Genesis, God, in almost ever single story, kills and utterly destroys any person or civilization that does not believe in him. The story of Noah’s Flood is a prime example. In Noah‘s Flood story, God’s feeling towards his people are first examined:      And the LORD was sorry that he had made humankind on the earth...So the LORD said, ‘I will      bolt out form the Earth the human beings I have created...for I am sorry that I have made them...      I have determined to make an end of all flesh...I am going to destroy them along with the earth.                    (Gen. 6.6-12) The Antediluvians were to God wicked and innately evil, his divine creations were flawed. Although, to God, humanity has been flawed since Eve doomed all humanity by eating from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil.      In Exodus there are still several examples of how malevolent God is portrayed. God acts through Moses to bring about the plagues against Egypt.      Go to Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart...in order that I may show these sign of mine among      them...I have made fools of the Egyptians...so that you may know that I am the LORD.                (Ex. 10.1-2) To God, in order for the Israelites to truly believe in him, he must show off his powers to nations different to his own. After every plague though, the Pharaoh might have just given up and let the Israelites leave Egypt, but God hardened his heart each and every time to make an example out of him. As a result of God hardening the Pharaoh’s heart, thousands upon thousands of innocent Egyptians had to die due to the plagues brought against Egypt.      Further more in Exodus, God says: â€Å"but you shall destroy their altars, break their images, and cut down their groves, for you shall not worship any other God, for the LORD whose name is jealous, is a jealous God†(Ex 34.
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